White papers

Practical research for public transport authorities and operators using passenger data to improve planning, performance, and service quality.

01 White paper

Optimising public transport

A use case of automatic passenger counting

Accurate passenger counts reveal where demand, capacity, and service schedules diverge. This paper examines how real-time ridership data can support more responsive operations and a better passenger experience across Asian transport networks.

What you’ll learn

  • How passenger-flow data supports network planning and dynamic operations.
  • Where better ridership visibility improves overload response, service quality, and fare control.
  • How real-time counts reveal peak, weekly, and seasonal demand patterns.

6 pages · Use cases · Transit operations

02 White paper

Automatic passenger counting

Driving public transportation with data

Selecting an APC system involves more than choosing a sensor. This technical guide connects device design, installation, calibration, and validation to the dependable ridership data needed for planning, subsidy, and performance reporting.

What you’ll learn

  • How infrared, LiDAR, 3D camera, weight, and device-based counting technologies compare.
  • What APC accuracy means and why premium systems target 95–99% under standard conditions.
  • How to benchmark live APC data against matched manual ride checks.

8 pages · Technical guide · APC validation